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Frivolous litigation,

Frivolous litigation, as used in colloquial and political terms in the United States, refers to lawsuits that are based on a theory that seems absurd, or where the claim results in damages that greatly exceed what one would expect from reading a brief summary of the case. Awards for medical malpractice are sometimes derided as frivolous (in this sense of meaning "excessive"). If a jury and a judge decided in favor of the plaintiff in such cases, the plaintiff's claim was not technically frivolous in legal terms, though it might be considered frivolous colloquially. Because of the ambiguity in the term, calling these lawsuits "frivolous" can lead to confusion because opposite sides of the tort reform debate can both say they oppose "frivolous" suits, with the tort reform supporters referring to the colloquial understanding, and tort reform opponents referring to the narrower technical definition. The typical definition in United States law is very different from its colloquial or political meaning. United States courts usually define "frivolous litigation" as a legal claim or defense presented even though the party and the party's legal counsel had reason to know that the claim or defense had no merit. A claim or defense may be frivolous because it had no underlying justification in fact, or because it was not presented with an argument for a reasonable extension or reinterpretation of the law, or because laws are in place unequivocally prohibiting such a claim (see Good Samaritan law). In the United States, Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and similar state rules require that an attorney perform a due diligence investigation concerning the factual basis for any claim or defense. Jurisdictions differ on whether a claim or defense can be frivolous if the attorney acted in good faith. Because a frivolous defense or claim wastes the court's and the other parties' time, resources and legal fees, sanctions may be imposed by a court upon the party or the lawyer who presents the frivolous defense or claim. The law firm may also be sanctioned, or even held in contempt. Frivolous litigation, 		Sponsors and Links

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If the plaintiff is successful, judgment will be given in the plaintiff's favor, and a range of court orders may be issued to enforce a right, award damages, or impose an injunction to prevent an act or compel an act. Nebraska Law Hub A declaratory judgment may be issued to prevent future legal disputes. Nevada Law Hub A lawsuit may involve dispute resolution of private law issues between individuals, business entities or non-profit organizations. New Brunswick Law Hub A lawsuit may also enable the government to be treated as if it were a private party in a civil case, as plaintiff or defendant regarding an injury, or may provide the government with a civil cause of action to enforce certain laws. New Hampshire Law Hub Legal systems around the world elaborate legal rights and responsibilities in different ways. New Jersey Law Hub A basic distinction is made between civil law jurisdictions and systems using common law. New Mexico Law Hub Some countries base their law on religious texts, while in others traditional customary law or Socialist legal theory are strong influences. New York Law Hub Scholars investigate the nature of law through many perspectives, including legal history and philosophy, or social sciences such as economics and sociology. Newfoundland and Labrador Law Hub The study of law raises important questions about equality, fairness and justice, which are not always simple. North Carolina Law Hub The most important institutions for law are the judiciary, the legislature, the executive, its bureaucracy, the military and police, the legal profession and civil society. North Dakota Law Hub Rules of criminal or civil procedure govern the conduct of a lawsuit in the common law adversarial system of dispute resolution. Northwest Territories Law Hub The details of procedure will differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and often from court to court within the same jurisdiction. Nova Scotia Blues and Blues Boogie The rules are very important for litigants to know, however, because they dictate the timing and progression of the lawsuit — what may be filed and when to get what result. Nunavut Lawyers Hubs Failure to comply with the procedural rules can result in serious limitations in conducting the trial or even dismissal of the lawsuit. Ohio Law Hub Though the majority of lawsuits are settled and never even get to trial citation needed], they can expand into a very complicated process. Oklahoma Law Hub This is particularly true in federal systems, where a federal court may be applying state law (e. Ontario Law Hub Domestic courts are also often called upon to apply foreign law, or to act upon foreign defendants, over whom they may not, as a practical matter, even have the ability to enforce a judgment if the defendant's assets are outside their reach. Oregon Law Hub Lawsuits become additionally complicated as more parties become involved (see joiner). Pennsylvania Law Hub However, courts typically have some power to separate out claims and parties into separate suits if it is more efficient to do so, such as if there is not a sufficient overlap of factual issues between the various claims. Plan Law Hub The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Prince Edward Island Blues Boogie It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Puerto Rico Law Hub Justices serve "during good Behavior," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. Quebec Lawyers Hubs The Court meets in Washington, D. C. Rhode Island Law Hub in the United States Supreme Court building. Saskatchewan Law Hub The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases. South Carolina Law Hub The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see 28 U. S. C. § 503) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. South Dakota Law Hub